The COP28 climate talks in Dubai focus on four key topics: reducing emissions, eliminating fossil fuels and delivering a just energy transition for developing countries. The Paris Agreement, which aims to limit average global temperatures to 1.5 degrees Celsius, is no longer enough. Countries must negotiate a phase-out of fossil fuels, which account for 80% of global energy consumption. COP28 must conduct the first global stocktake of the Paris Agreement and determine necessary measures.