The upper spring plate, designated as K 27501, is part of the inlet valve assembly in the ZV40/48 diesel engine. Positioned at the top of the valve spring, it evenly distributes the spring force and helps maintain correct alignment of the inlet valve during operation. This plate must withstand high cyclical loads and elevated temperatures, making material strength and structural integrity crucial. A well-functioning upper spring plate ensures reliable valve movement, which is vital for efficient air intake and overall engine breathing performance.

The complete starting valve, marked with code K 27400, is a key component in the starting system of the Sulzer ZV40/48 diesel engine. This valve controls the admission of compressed air into the cylinder during engine start-up, initiating piston movement before combustion begins. Engineered for high precision and durability, the starting valve must function flawlessly under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. Its reliability directly affects the engine's ability to start smoothly and efficiently, making it essential for safe and dependable operation in marine and industrial settings.

The piston pin, identified by code H 34021, is a core component in the ASL25 engine’s powertrain, responsible for connecting the piston to the connecting rod. Also known as a gudgeon pin, it transfers the force of combustion from the piston to the crankshaft via the connecting rod. Subjected to extreme cyclic loads and high temperatures, the piston pin must be precisely machined and hardened to withstand wear and deformation. Its integrity is vital to maintaining smooth piston movement and ensuring the efficient conversion of combustion energy into mechanical power.

Author: Dr. Nenad Končar, M.Sc.Eng.
Date: May 22, 2025

A Silent Revolution Amid the Climate Crisis
In an era dominated by news of heatwaves, droughts, and extreme weather events, a technological revolution is quietly unfolding that has the potential to transform our energy systems. Energy storage through batteries is no longer a promise of the future—it has become a present-day reality.

Industry Enters the Terawatt-Hour Era
According to the latest data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), global annual demand for batteries has surpassed 1 TWh for the first time. In 2018, production capacity was only 150 GWh; today, it exceeds 3 TWh, with expectations to triple by 2030. Batteries have evolved from auxiliary technology to a cornerstone of future power systems.

Price Drop Sparks Market Explosion
With lithium prices falling over 85% in just two years and battery costs dropping below the psychological threshold of $100/kWh, battery technology has become widely accessible. China now controls over 75% of global battery production, leveraging vertical integration and collaboration among tech leaders like CATL and BYD.

New Chemistry Takes the Lead: LFP Surpasses NMC
Traditional NMC (nickel-manganese-cobalt) batteries are gradually being replaced by LFP (lithium iron phosphate) batteries, which are cheaper, safer, longer-lasting, and free from ethically problematic cobalt. Today, LFP batteries account for nearly half of the global electric vehicle market.The Washington Post+1Wikipedia+1

Geopolitics of Storage: Beyond Technology
The race to control battery capacities is increasingly a geopolitical issue. The United States is investing billions through the Inflation Reduction Act but faces political uncertainties. The European Union lags behind, with project failures like Northvolt highlighting the challenges of developing the industry without strong alliances. Meanwhile, Morocco and Southeast Asia are emerging as new production hubs, thanks to resources like phosphate and nickel and proximity to key markets.

Croatia: A Small Country with a Big Opportunity
Despite its size, Croatia has the chance to participate in this transformation. Companies like Adriadiesel are developing modular container battery systems based on second-life batteries from electric vehicles, combining circular economy principles, sustainability, and innovation.

Adriadiesel's Container Systems: Smart Storage for Smart Grids
Each unit (up to 1.5 MWh) includes:

• Climate control and safety systems
• Autonomous regulation for auxiliary and main grids
• Rapid response to frequency oscillations
• Black-start capability

These scalable systems—over 600 containers—can meet regional energy needs and are ideal for integration with wind and solar power, as well as critical infrastructure and industry.

Technical Comparison: LFP vs. NMC

Conclusion: This Is Not a Passing Trend—It's a Fundamental Change
In a world increasingly reliant on solar and wind energy, battery storage provides flexibility, resilience, and energy independence. Ignoring this technology means missing an opportunity for technological and economic sovereignty.

Contact
For more information, technical documentation, or collaboration on battery storage system development:

? This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
? www.adriadiesel.hr

The complete cylinder cover, designated by code H 27000, is a major structural and functional component of the ASL25 diesel engine. It encloses the upper section of the cylinder, sealing the combustion chamber and supporting components such as valves, injectors, and cooling passages. This cover must endure high pressures and temperatures, making its integrity vital for safe and efficient engine operation. Precision-engineered and built to last, the cylinder cover plays a central role in maintaining compression, managing thermal loads, and ensuring smooth engine performance in demanding industrial and marine environments.

The half ring of the adjacent bearing, identified by code H 12010, is an essential component in the ASL25 diesel engine's crankshaft support system. This semi-circular ring is designed to fit around the bearing housing, ensuring the precise positioning and secure retention of the crankshaft within its seat. By maintaining correct axial alignment and supporting rotational loads, it plays a crucial role in minimizing friction and wear. Made from durable, high-strength materials, the half ring ensures the longevity and operational stability of the engine, particularly under continuous mechanical stress.

The spherical headed pin, identified by code K 28009, is a precision-machined component used to connect and articulate the main and auxiliary rocker arms (K 28005 and K 28015) in the ZV40/48 engine. Its spherical head allows for smooth rotational and angular motion, reducing friction and wear in the high-stress environment of the valve gear mechanism. Built for strength and reliability, this pin ensures accurate alignment and stable operation of the valve train system, contributing to the overall efficiency and durability of the engine.

The vibration damper marked with code K 31510 plays a vital role in absorbing and reducing torsional vibrations within the ZV40/48 diesel engine’s crankshaft system. By dampening oscillations generated during combustion and rotation, it protects the crankshaft and other connected components from fatigue and premature wear. This component contributes significantly to smoother engine operation, improved longevity, and reduced noise. Engineered to function under extreme conditions, the vibration damper ensures mechanical balance and helps maintain operational stability in both marine and industrial environments.

The valve body with ball, identified by code K 27703, is a precision-engineered component used in the relief valve assembly of the ZV40/48 diesel engine. Designed to control and direct fluid flow under pressure, the integrated ball ensures a tight seal when the valve is closed and allows smooth pressure release when opened. This critical component helps maintain pressure stability within the engine system, protecting sensitive parts from damage caused by overpressure. Built to endure high thermal and mechanical stress, the valve body with ball ensures both safety and consistent engine performance in heavy-duty applications.

The bearing casing with code K 28002 is an essential structural component within the Sulzer ZV40/48 diesel engine, designed to securely house the engine bearings. This robust casing not only provides physical protection to the bearings but also maintains their precise alignment, reducing wear and ensuring smooth rotational movement of critical engine parts. Made from durable materials capable of withstanding heavy loads and constant vibration, the bearing casing plays a pivotal role in enhancing the longevity and efficiency of the engine’s mechanical systems.

The tachometer designated by code number H 51344 is specifically designed for monitoring the rotational speed of the right-hand engine in the ASL25 setup. Essential for operational monitoring, it provides real-time data on engine RPM, allowing operators to maintain optimal engine performance and prevent overloading. Featuring a clear display and precise calibration, this tachometer ensures accurate readings even under fluctuating operational conditions. Its reliable design makes it a critical instrument for maintaining engine efficiency and safeguarding against potential mechanical issues.

The gear identified by code number N71093 is a crucial component in the power transmission system of the ASL25 diesel engine. Designed with precision to ensure accurate meshing with other mechanical parts, this gear facilitates the efficient transfer of rotational force throughout the engine’s mechanisms. Constructed from high-strength materials to withstand heavy loads and repetitive motion, it is engineered for optimal durability and smooth operation. Regular maintenance of the gear ensures minimal wear and consistent performance, contributing to the overall reliability of the engine system.

The pin for the auxiliary rocker arm, designated by code K 28020, is a vital fastening element that secures the auxiliary rocker arm K 28015 in the valve mechanism assembly of the ZV40/48 engine. Constructed to provide optimal fit and alignment, this pin ensures precise positioning and movement of the rocker arm, thereby reducing friction and preventing premature wear. Manufactured from high-strength materials, it is engineered to maintain structural integrity even under intense mechanical load, playing a crucial role in sustaining the valve train's functionality.

The wheel, denoted by code N55013, is an integral part of the ASL25 engine’s mechanical assembly, playing a critical role in the transmission of motion and power. Constructed from high-strength materials, it is designed to withstand significant loads and rotational forces while maintaining structural integrity. Its precise design ensures optimal engagement with other components, minimizing vibration and enhancing overall engine stability. Regular inspection and maintenance of the wheel are crucial to prevent misalignment and mechanical wear, safeguarding the engine’s smooth operation.

The bearing sleeve, identified by code N71012, is a vital component within the ASL25 diesel engine, designed to provide a smooth interface between moving parts while reducing friction and wear. Precision-engineered from durable materials, it ensures optimal alignment and stability of rotating shafts, contributing to the longevity and efficient operation of key engine assemblies. Its robust construction withstands high-pressure conditions, making it indispensable in maintaining the integrity of the bearing system under varying operational loads.

The hand pump housing identified by code number H 74124 is a protective casing engineered to encase the hand pump mechanism in the ASL25 engine. Constructed to withstand high-pressure operations, it provides structural integrity and protection against environmental factors while facilitating the safe transfer of fluids within the engine system. The robust design ensures durability and reliable performance, making it an essential component for maintaining fluid circulation and pressure regulation in critical engine functions.

The screw connection, identified by code K 92182, is a specialized fitting designed to secure the component K 92166 within the ZV40/48 engine assembly. This connection ensures a tight and stable bond between mechanical elements, preventing leaks and maintaining optimal alignment. Manufactured with precision threading and durable materials, it is built to endure the high-pressure and high-temperature conditions typical in diesel engine operations, thereby enhancing system integrity and operational safety.

The clamping piece, designated by code K 81185, is a vital component used to secure support K 81260 in the Adriadiesel/Jugoturbina/Zgoda/Sulzer ZV40/48 diesel engine. Designed for precise alignment and secure fastening, this piece ensures that the support structure remains stable during engine operation, even under high mechanical stress and vibrations. Crafted from durable materials, it provides optimal grip and maintains the integrity of the mounting assembly, contributing to the overall reliability and longevity of the engine system.

The two-part ring, designated by code number K 81140, is a crucial sealing element in the exhaust piping system of the ZV40/48 engine. Constructed in two segments for ease of installation and maintenance, this ring ensures a secure and leak-free connection between exhaust pipes. Engineered to withstand high temperatures and vibration, it plays a critical role in maintaining exhaust system integrity, preventing gas leaks, and optimizing backpressure for efficient engine operation. Its durable construction and precision fit make it essential for reliable exhaust management in demanding maritime and industrial environments.

Author: Dr. Nenad Končar, M.Sc.Eng.

Date: May 2, 2025

After the historic power grid failure that affected almost the entire Iberian Peninsula on April 28, the president of the Spanish transmission system operator, Red Eléctrica, Beatriz Corredor, addressed the public with a message: “It won't happen again.”
It was a statement that, understandably, was intended to instill confidence in the system and its experts. But how can we interpret this statement from a technical perspective?

Rapid Response – A Reason for Praise

Red Eléctrica indeed demonstrated a high level of operational readiness. By 4 a.m. the following day, 100% of substations were back online.
This is an exceptional technical and organizational achievement and should not be underestimated.
In complex and interconnected power systems, recovery speed is crucial — and Spain passed that test.

But What Do We Actually Know About the Cause?

In the same address, the REE president emphasized that the cause of the failure has not yet been determined.
If we do not know exactly what caused the cascading outage, then — with due respect — the statement “it won’t happen again” is more of an expression of hope than a fact-based assurance.
As one of the world’s leading experts on grid stability once said: “Zero risk does not exist.”

The Role of Oscillations and Reduced Inertia

Data released by independent grid monitors show that voltage oscillations of increasing amplitude occurred in the hours leading up to the outage.
This is often a sign of declining grid inertia — the physical stability provided by large synchronous generators.
As Europe transitions to renewable energy, that natural stability decreases, and the need for active regulation increases.

Can We Do More?

Yes. Instead of relying solely on hope, the technical community increasingly advocates for:

• Decentralized storage systems,
• Battery plants with black-start capability,
• Grid-forming inverters that simulate the behavior of traditional generators.
  These technologies represent the new line of defense — not against renewables themselves, but against their operational challenges.

“It Won’t Happen Again” with Proven Technical Solutions

Long-term grid security is based on investments in technologies that can respond quickly, flexibly, and predictably.
The statement “it won’t happen again” will best be validated if it is accompanied by concrete measures.
Because the future of the grid cannot be secured by statements — but it can be secured by technology.